Cataract surgery is one of the most common and successful medical procedures performed today, restoring clear vision for millions of people each year.
While the outcomes are generally positive, there are still potential disadvantages to consider—such as complications during healing, vision disturbances, or the need for follow-up treatments. Knowing what to expect can help you feel more confident and prepared when discussing options with your eye care provider.
From short-term side effects to longer-term concerns, understanding the risks can help you make an informed, balanced decision about whether cataract surgery is right for you.
What Are Cataracts?
Cataracts occur when the eye’s natural lens becomes cloudy, reducing your ability to see clearly. Though cataracts are most commonly associated with aging, they can also result from factors such as:
- Prolonged exposure to UV light
- Poorly managed diabetes
- Certain eye injuries
- Smoking
When left untreated, cataracts can lead to blurry vision, sensitivity to light, difficulties seeing at night, and faded or yellow-toned colors. These vision changes can interfere with tasks like reading and driving and often lead to the need for cataract treatment.
How Does Cataract Surgery Work?
Cataract surgery involves removing the clouded lens and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) to restore vision. The procedure is minimally invasive, and most patients notice improved sight within days. Common steps of modern cataract surgery include:
- Creating a small incision in the cornea.
- Using ultrasound technology to break up and remove the clouded lens (a method known as phacoemulsification).
- Replacing the lens with a clear, artificial IOL.
While the surgery itself is quick and relatively free of discomfort, your optometrist will review the risks to determine if it’s the right choice for you.
6 Potential Disadvantages of Cataract Surgery
- Risk of Infection
Though rare, patients may develop infections or inflammation after surgery. Symptoms can include redness, swelling, discomfort, or excessive tearing. Thankfully, proper post-surgical care, such as prescribed eye drops and follow-up appointments, significantly reduces these risks.
- Posterior Capsule Opacification (Secondary Cataracts)
One of the most common complications is posterior capsule opacification (PCO), often referred to as a “secondary cataract.” This occurs when cloudy cells form on the back of the lens capsule after surgery, leading to similar vision issues as cataracts. The good news? A simple outpatient procedure called a YAG laser capsulotomy can correct this issue, often restoring vision instantly.
- Retinal Detachment
Retinal detachment is an uncommon yet serious risk of cataract surgery. This happens when the retina (the light-sensitive tissue inside the eye) pulls away from its supportive layers. Symptoms include sudden flashes of light, new floaters, or what appears to be a curtain obstructing part of your vision. Immediate treatment is important to help prevent permanent vision loss. Those with high myopia (severe nearsightedness) are at a slightly higher risk.
- Visual Changes & Glare Sensitivity
After cataract surgery, some patients report light halos or glare, particularly when driving at night or in dim lighting. While these visual disturbances typically resolve on their own as your brain adapts to the new lens, they can be frustrating for some individuals. Lifestyle adjustments may be required during this period.
- Possible Anesthesia Side Effects
Cataract surgery generally uses local anesthesia, like numbing eye drops or small injections around the eye. Although complications are uncommon, certain patients may experience temporary nausea or discomfort. Anyone with a history of allergic reactions to anesthesia should discuss their concerns with their doctor beforehand.
- Unanticipated Visual Outcomes
Despite the goal of improved vision, some patients experience unexpected visual changes post-surgery, including:
- Residual refractive error, requiring glasses or contact lenses for certain activities.
- Astigmatism due to an irregular cornea shape.
- “Dysphotopsia,” which includes light distortions like arcs or shadows.
Opting for premium lenses (such as multifocal or toric IOLs) can minimize some of these issues, though they often come at an additional cost.
Balancing Risks & Benefits
Despite these potential complications, cataract surgery continues to be one of the safest and most effective surgeries available. Many patients not only regain vision but also improve their independence and quality of life post-surgery.
However, understanding potential risks can help you make an informed decision. If you’re considering surgery, consulting an experienced eye care professional ensures that your unique needs are taken into account and all your questions are answered.
Explore Your Cataract Treatment Options
At Dr. Chris Schell, we’ve helped countless patients achieve clearer vision through tailored cataract treatment plans. Our team is passionate about providing expert care in a welcoming, family-friendly environment.
If you’d like to explore whether cataract surgery is right for you, we’re here to help. Schedule your consultation today, and take the first step toward clearer vision.
